import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;

public record HTTPConnection() {
    public static HttpURLConnection open(String _url) throws IOException {
        URL url;
        try {
            url = new URI(_url).toURL();
        } catch (MalformedURLException | URISyntaxException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid URL format: " + _url, e);
        }
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        connection.setConnectTimeout(5000); // 5 seconds
        connection.setReadTimeout(5000); // 5 seconds
        // Use default SSL socket factory for secure connections
        if (connection instanceof javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) {
            javax.net.ssl.SSLContext sslContext;
            try {
                sslContext = javax.net.ssl.SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
                sslContext.init(null, new javax.net.ssl.TrustManager[] {
                        new javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager() {
                            public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                                return null;
                            }

                            public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs,
                                    String authType) {
                            }

                            public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs,
                                    String authType) {
                            }
                        }
                }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
                ((javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) connection).setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new IOException("Failed to create SSL context", e);
            }
        }
        if (connection instanceof javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) {
            ((javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) connection).setHostnameVerifier((hostname, session) -> true);
        }
        return connection;
    }
}